Pixar –

Pixar Animation Studios, pronounced /pɪksɑr/, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California. The studio has earned 26 Academy Awards, seven Golden Globes, and three Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. Its films have made over $6.3 billion worldwide. It is best known for its CGI-animated feature films created with Photorealistic Render Man, its own implementation of the industry-standard Render Man image-rendering application programming interface used to generate high-quality images. Pixar was founded in 1979 but at this time it was named as Graphics Group. Eventually, on February 3^rd in 1986 it became Pixar.

The Three founders of Pixar were:

 Ed Catmull

Alvy Ray Smith

Steve Jobs (incorporation as Pixar)

Pixar was founded as the Graphics Group, one third of the Computer Division of Lucas film that was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Dr. Ed Catmull from the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), where he was in charge of the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL). At NYIT, the researchers had pioneered many of the CG techniques and worked on an experimental film called The Works. After moving to Lucas film, the team worked on creating the precursor to Render Man, called Motion Doctor, which allowed traditional cell animators to use computer animation with minimal training. Pixar merged with Lucasfilm in 1979, this is where it all began with Pixar as the Graphics Group, and this was before it was acquired by Apple by the co-founder Steve Jobs in 1986. Later after, The Walt Disney Company bought the company Pixar in 2006 which came up to a massive amount of $7.4 billion; this transaction made Steve Jobs the largest shareholder in Disney. Pixar has produced twelve feature films, beginning with Toy Story in 1995. It was followed by A Bug's Life in 1998, Toy Story 2 in 1999, Monsters, Inc. in 2001, Finding Nemo in 2003, The Incredibles in 2004, Cars in 2006, Ratatouille in 2007, WALL-E in 2008, Up in 2009, Toy Story 3 (to date, the highest-grossing animated film of all-time, grossing over $1 billion worldwide) in 2010, and Cars 2 in 2011. Eleven of the films have received critical and financial success, with the notable exception being Cars 2, which received substantially less praise than Pixar's previous films. The $602 million average gross of their films is by far the highest of any studio in the industry. These were all massive films in the public, which made Pixar very popular in the industry. Pixar was presented the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement by the Biennale Venice Film Festival, which is a massive deal and was presented to the founder of Lucasfilm, George Lucas, on September 6^th 2009.

TV Funding –

Public Service Broadcasters (BBC)

BBC is an example of a public service broadcasters, the main way that BBC make their money is by the License Fee as BBC are not a biased company and do not broadcast any adverts for products etc.  Another way a Public service broadcaster would get their profit would be by syndicating their programmes; this means that the company would sell their programmes to other channels for money. BBC would also do things such as, competitions, this is a good way to make money as it gives viewers a chance to win and also brings in a lot of money as the questions etc would be very easy which means more people will enter in for the competition.

Commercial Broadcasters (ITV, 5)

ITV is an example of a Commercial Broadcaster; commercial broadcasters do not have a license fee. They make their money by advertising; this is a good way to make profit as each advert would be on a lot of times a day which means the company is bringing in a lot of money. Commercial Broadcasters also do syndications as they sell their programmes to other companies for money. Channel 5 recently bought Big Brother off Channel 4; this was good as it gives Channel 5 a chance to renew and make improvements on the certain programme.   This kind of broadcaster has competitions which bring in profit as they would provide viewers with a question that 99% of the public will know. This means that there will be a lot of people calling in costing themselves money.

Public Service and part Commercial Broadcasters (Channel 4)

Channel 4 is an example of a public service and part commercial broadcaster, as it mixes between the two. So this means that Channel 4 is biased but for both sides of the media.  Channel 4 has a small part of the license fee but not a very big amount as only Public Service broadcasters have their main bit in the license fee. However, this helps make profit as it means everyone who wants to watch these channels has to pay a certain amount for it. Channel 4 also has advertising, syndication, competitions, merchandising and associated products.

Subscriber broadcasters (Sky, Virgin)

Subscriber broadcasters are funded through having subscriptions, this means that you would have to pay a certain amount to the broadcaster and then you will get everything on it, all the programmes etc. This is a good way of funding as its making an agreement with the customer to keep using that certain broadcaster as it has everything they will need on it and it comes out of the customers’ money every month. Subscriber broadcasters also have advertising, syndication, on selling of the rights to their licensed programmes, competitions, merchandising and associated products.

Film Financing –

Film finance is an aspect of film production that occurs during the development stage prior to pre-production, and is concerned with determining the potential value of a proposed film. In the United States, the value is typically based on a forecast of revenues over a ten- to 15-year period, beginning with theatrical release, and including DVD sales, and release to cable broadcast television networks both domestic and international and inflight airline licensing.

Government Grants –

A number of governments run programs to subsidise the cost of producing films. For example, in the United Kingdom the UK Film Council provides funding to producers provided certain conditions are met. States such as Louisiana, Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New Mexico, will provide a subsidy or tax credit provided all or part of a film is filmed in that state. Governments are willing to provide these subsidies as they hope it will attract creative individuals to their territory and stimulate employment. Also, a film shot in a particular location can have the benefit of advertising that location to an international audience. Government subsidies are often pure grants, where the government expects no financial return.

Tax Schemes -

A number of countries have introduced legislation that has the effect of generating enhanced tax deductions for producers or owners of films. Schemes are created which effectively sell the enhanced tax deductions to wealthy individuals with large tax liabilities. The individuals pay the producer a fee in order to obtain the tax deductions. The individual will often become the legal owner of the film or certain rights relating to the film, but the producer will in substance continue as the real owner of the economic rights to exploit the film. Governments are beginning to recognise that enhanced tax deductions are an inefficient way of supporting the film industry. Too much of the tax benefit is siphoned off by promoters of the tax scheme. Also, films with little commercial or artistic merit are produced simply to generate tax deductions. In 2007 the United Kingdom government introduced the Producer's Tax Credit which results in a direct cash subsidy from the treasury to the film producer. For example, many wealthy people do a tax scheme by investing in films which means their money goes to the people who are making this film instead of the Government, by doing this, this means they will get money if the certain film they have chose to invest in, does really well in the industry then they will get profit out of it instead of loosing money by giving it to the tax from the Government.

Debt Finance –

A debt is an obligation owed by one party (the debtor) to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor, but the term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value. A debt is created when a creditor agrees to lend a sum of assets to a debtor. Debt is usually granted with expected repayment; in modern society, in most cases, of the original sum plus interest. In finance, debt is a means of using anticipated future purchasing power in the present before it has actually been earned. Some companies and corporations use debt as a part of their overall corporate finance strategy.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Equity Finance –

In accounting and finance, equity is the residual claim or interest of the most junior class of investors in assets, after all liabilities are paid. If liability exceeds assets, negative equity exists. In an accounting context, Shareholders' equity (or stockholders' equity, shareholders' funds, shareholders' capital or similar terms) represents the remaining interest in assets of a company, spread among individual shareholders of common or preferred stock. At the start of a business, owners put some funding into the business to finance operations. This creates a liability on the business in the shape of capital as the business is a separate entity from its owners. Businesses can be considered, for accounting purposes, sums of liabilities and assets; this is the accounting equation. After liabilities have been accounted for the positive remainder is deemed the owner's interest in the business. This definition is helpful in understanding the liquidation process in case of bankruptcy. At first, all the secured creditors are paid against proceeds from assets. Afterward, a series of creditors, ranked in priority sequence, have the next claim/right on the residual proceeds. Ownership equity is the last or residual claim against assets, paid only after all other creditors are paid. In such cases where even creditors could not get enough money to pay their bills, nothing is left over to reimburse owners' equity. Thus owners' equity is reduced to zero. Ownership equity is also known as risk capital or liable capital.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

BBC

BBC –

BBC is a cross-media company as it broadcasts different types of media such as television, radio, publishing and the Internet. However, BBC mainly focuses on television. BBC is a public service broadcaster and alltogether costs £145.50 for its TV Licesense. Per month approximately £7.96 goes on Television itself.  BBC do not have any advertising at breaks on television, this means that this company is not a biased company as it has no advertising .

BBC 1- BBC One's remit is to be the BBC's most popular mixed-genre television service across the UK, offering a wide range of high-quality programmes. It should be the BBC's primary outlet for main UK and international actions and it should reflect the whole of the UK in its output. A very high quantity of its programmes should be original productions. 

BBC 2 - BBC Two's remit is to be a mixed-genre channel appealing to a broad adult audience with programmes of depth and substance. It should carry the greatest amount and range of knowledge-building programming of any BBC television channel, complemented by distinctive comedy, drama and arts programming.

BBC 3 -The remit of BBC Three is to bring younger audiences to high-quality public service broadcasting through a mixed-genre schedule of innovative UK content featuring new UK talent. The channel should use the full range of digital platforms to deliver its content and to build an interactive relationship with its audience.

BBC 4 - The remit of BBC Four is to be a mixed-genre television channel for all adults, offering an ambitious range of innovative, high-quality output that is intellectually and culturally enriching. Its focus should be on the provision of factual and arts programming.

CBBC - The remit of CBBC is to provide a wide range of high-quality, distinctive content for 6–12 year olds, including drama, entertainment, comedy, animation, news and factual. The great majority of this content should be produced in the UK. The remit of CBBC is to provide a wide range of high-quality, distinctive content for 6–12 year olds, including drama, entertainment, comedy, animation, news and factual. The great majority of this content should be produced in the UK.

Cbeebies - The remit of CBeebies is to offer high-quality, mostly UK-produced programmes to educate and entertain the BBC's youngest audience. The service should provide a range of programming designed to encourage learning through play in a consistently safe environment for children under six years old.

BBC News Channel - BBC News Channel should deliver up-to-the-minute, accurate, impartial and independent news, analysis and insight. It should provide fast and comprehensive coverage of local, UK and international events as they unfold and specialist analysis to put the news in context.

BBC Parliament - The remit of BBC Parliament is to make accessible to all the work of the UK's parliamentary and legislative bodies and the European Parliament. The service should also analyse and set in context the issues and politics behind parliamentary debates.

BBC Red Button - The remit of BBC Red Button is to offer continuous and constantly updated news, information, education and entertainment to digital television audiences in the form of interactive video, audio, pictures and text. BBC Red Button should offer content which supports and enhances some linear television programmes. It should be an access and navigation point for BBC non-linear television and radio content, offering supporting material and enhancements for linear broadcast output.

BBC HD - The remit of the BBC HD channel is to offer a mixed-genre schedule of programming in high-definition (HD) format, most of which has been originated by the BBC's other television channels.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/